Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: A mixture of extracts from natural ingredients reduces the neurotoxic polarization of microglia via modulating NF‐κB / NF‐E2 ‐related factor 2 activation

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4045

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mixture regulated the gene expression and NF‐κB/Nrf2 activation in BV2 microglia during exposure to Aβ and PgLPS. The mRNA expression of TNF‐α (a), IL‐1β (b) at 1 h after exposure to Aβ and PgLPS (AL) with or without pretreatment with propolis (P) or mixture (Mix). (c) Immunofluorescent CLMS images indicating the nuclear translocation of p65 (green) in BV2 cells with Hoechst‐stained nuclei (blue) after exposure to AL for 1 h. Scale bar, 10 μm. The mRNA expression of IL‐10 (d) and BDNF (e) at 1 h after exposure to AL with or without pretreatment with propolis (P) or mixture (Mix). (f) Immunofluorescent CLMS images indicating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (green) in BV2 cells with Hoechst‐stained nuclei (blue) after exposure to AL for 1 h. Scale bar, 10 μm. Each column and bar represents the mean ± SD ( n = 3, each). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from the value in the control group (* p < .05, *** p < .001, one‐way ANOVA). Swords indicate a statistically significant difference from the value in the Aβ and PgLPS‐exposed group ( &&& p < .001, one‐way ANOVA). Hash marks indicate a statistically significant difference from the value in the propolis and mixture group ( ### p < .001, one‐way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: The c‐myc‐immortalized mouse microglial cell line MG6 (Cat: RCB2403) was purchased from RIKEN Cell Bank; BV2 cells (the immortalized mouse microglial cell line) were obtained from ACCEGEN (Cat: ABC‐TC212S).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Expressing, Translocation Assay, Staining, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Context-dependent regulatory variants in Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.11.659973

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Differential expression analyses confirm significant up- or downregulated genes under various stimulation conditions (FDR < 0.05, DESeq2). (b) Gene set enrichment analyses of resting and stimulated THP-1 macrophages reveal immune-related shifts (IFN-β, IFN-γ, LPS+IFN-γ) that mirror ATAC-seq changes in . (FDR < 0.05, fast gene set enrichment analysis). (c) PCA of RNA-seq data shows distinct transcriptomic clusters for each state, reflecting diverse immune states. (d) Microglial and macrophage markers were expressed in all conditions. (e) Differential expression of microglial-state marker genes (Sun et al. ) in stimulated THP-1 macrophages versus non-marker genes (two-sided Mann-Whitney U, Benjamini- Hochberg correction). Significance codes, Benjamini-Hochberg FDR: **** < 1 × 10⁻⁴; *** < 1 × 10⁻³; ** < 1 × 10⁻²; * < 0.05; NS, not significant. (f) Transcriptomic concordance between LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and amyloid-fibril-treated iPSC-microglia. Pearson’s r is calculated on the expression levels of genes that are differentially expressed in the amyloid-fibril model (Sun et al. ).

Article Snippet: HMC3 microglia-like cells (ATCC CRL-3304) were cultured in Microglial Cell Medium Kit (Accegen, ABI-TM009) and maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2.

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, RNA Sequencing, Marker, MANN-WHITNEY, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Context-dependent regulatory variants in Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.11.659973

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Hi-C in THP-1 macrophages (<5-kb resolution) places the enhancer (black bar) in the same contact domain as the SEC63 promoter and shows a looping interaction with the OSTM1 promoter and a CTCF anchor in the intronic regions of AFG1L (b) Three-dimensional chromatin model of the SEC63-OSTM1 enhancer and nearby genes. (c) SEC63 , the enhancer, and OSTM1 knockdown in hyperinflammatory (LPS + IFN-γ- treated) THP-1 macrophages. (d) CRISPRi knockdown of the SEC63 and OSTM1 promoters perturbs distinct transcriptional pathways in resting and hyperinflammatory (LPS + IFN-γ-treated) THP-1 macrophages (fgsea, FDR<0.05). (e) Expression of the microglial-state marker genes defined by Sun et al. after CRISPRi. Silencing SEC63 shifts multiple microglial programs, and these shifts are amplified under LPS + IFN-γ-highlighting a central role for SEC63 in state transitions and immune responses.

Article Snippet: HMC3 microglia-like cells (ATCC CRL-3304) were cultured in Microglial Cell Medium Kit (Accegen, ABI-TM009) and maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2.

Techniques: Hi-C, Knockdown, Expressing, Marker, Amplification

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Enhanced inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis and regulation of microglial polarization with multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injury

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101758

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs regulate the polarization of BV2 cells and improve the inflammatory microenvironment to rescue PC12 cells in a co-culture system. (A–D) The ELISA quantitative analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells after different treatments. (E) Schematic illustration of the modulation of TSIIA/TMP/APS@Se NPs on BV2 polarization. (F) Protein expression images of iNOS and Arg-1 in BV2 cells after different treatment of nanoparticles. (G) Flow cytometry result of the BV2 cells to identify the M1 phenotype (F4/80, CD16/32 double positive) and M2 phenotype (F4/80, CD206 double positive) after incubation with F4/80, CD16/32, CD206. (H) Schematic illustration of a co-cultured system between PC12 cells and BV2 cells, indicating outcomes of diverse treatments with Se NPs. (I) The representative images of Live/Dead stains of PC12 cells after different treatments of the co-cultured system. Scale bar = 200 μm ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001, and ns ( P > 0.05) suggested no statistical difference.

Article Snippet: The immortalized murine microglial cell line BV2 is commonly used as a surrogate for primary microglia in CNS research [ ].

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Cell Culture